Wound healing is the complex, biological process of tissue repair and regeneration that the body initiates to restore the integrity of damaged skin or other bodily tissues following injury. This highly regulated process progresses through four distinct, overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Optimal wound healing is contingent upon robust immune function, adequate nutritional status, and a balanced endocrine environment.
Origin
The term combines ‘wound,’ from the Old English wund meaning “injury,” with ‘healing,’ from the Old English hælan meaning “to make whole.” This physiological concept has been recognized and studied throughout the history of medicine. Understanding the intricate biological steps is essential for surgical and clinical management of trauma.
Mechanism
The process is orchestrated by a cascade of growth factors and cytokines released by platelets and immune cells, which recruit fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes to the site of injury. The proliferative phase involves angiogenesis and the synthesis of a provisional extracellular matrix, predominantly collagen. Hormones, such as glucocorticoids, can suppress the inflammatory phase, while Growth Hormone and sex steroids actively promote cellular proliferation and matrix deposition, significantly impacting the overall kinetics and quality of the repair.
Corporate wellness programs typically offer insufficient, broad-stroke biomarker screening, failing to capture the systems-level complexity required for true endocrine optimization.
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