What is the Origin of Working Memory?

The term combines 'working,' indicating active function, with 'memory,' from the Latin memoria, meaning "mindful." This concept was formally developed in cognitive psychology to describe the system that underpins goal-directed behavior. Its physiological basis is a key area of research in neuroendocrinology and cognitive science.

What is the Mechanism of Working Memory?

The mechanism of working memory is mediated by transient, synchronized electrical activity among interconnected neural circuits, primarily involving the prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, and hippocampus. Neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, modulate the efficiency of these circuits, influencing the stability and capacity of the temporary information store. Steroid hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, exert a modulatory effect by influencing synaptic plasticity and receptor density in these critical brain regions.

Working Memory ∞ Area

Working Memory

Meaning

Working memory is a fundamental cognitive system responsible for temporarily holding and manipulating information required for complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension, and learning. This executive function is distinct from short-term memory, as it involves both storage and active processing of a limited amount of information over a brief period. Optimal working memory function is directly influenced by neurochemical balance and hormonal status in the prefrontal cortex.