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Voltage Gradients

Meaning

Voltage gradients refer to the differences in electrical potential that exist across biological membranes, such as the plasma membrane of a cell or the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. These gradients are crucial for storing potential energy, which is subsequently harnessed to drive essential cellular processes like ATP synthesis, nerve impulse transmission, and nutrient transport. The magnitude and stability of these gradients are fundamental indicators of cellular health and are tightly regulated by ion channels and active transport pumps. Compromised voltage gradients can signify cellular dysfunction, metabolic stress, or disease states.