Visceral Adiposity refers to the accumulation of metabolically active adipose tissue specifically stored within the abdominal cavity, surrounding critical internal organs such as the liver, pancreas, and intestines. This type of fat is distinct from subcutaneous fat and is recognized clinically as a central component of metabolic syndrome and a significant independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Its presence is often visually indicated by an increased waist circumference.
Origin
The term combines visceral, referring to the internal organs, with adiposity, the medical term for body fat or fatness. The clinical distinction between visceral and subcutaneous fat gained importance as research elucidated the unique endocrine and inflammatory properties of this intra-abdominal fat depot.
Mechanism
Visceral adipose tissue functions as a highly active endocrine organ, releasing a continuous stream of pro-inflammatory adipokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha, and free fatty acids directly into the portal circulation leading to the liver. This mechanism promotes hepatic insulin resistance, systemic chronic inflammation, and dyslipidemia, fundamentally disrupting metabolic homeostasis. Hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated cortisol and reduced sex hormones, often contribute to its accumulation.
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