VEGF Receptor 2 ∞ Area

VEGF Receptor 2

Meaning

VEGF Receptor 2, or KDR, is a critical cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase that primarily binds Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A). This receptor mediates VEGF’s physiological and pathological effects, a potent signaling protein crucial for new blood vessel formation. Its activation is essential for many biological processes.

Context

This receptor operates predominantly within the vascular system, specifically on endothelial cells. It functions as a core component of the angiogenesis pathway, where new blood vessels sprout from existing ones. Its presence and activity are vital for development, repair, and the female reproductive cycle, underscoring its broad importance in tissue function.

Significance

VEGF Receptor 2 holds substantial clinical significance, particularly in oncology and ophthalmology. Dysregulation often associates with disease progression in cancers, promoting tumor angiogenesis by supplying nutrients for growth. Aberrant activation contributes to conditions like diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration, leading to vision impairment from abnormal vessel proliferation.

Mechanism

Upon VEGF-A binding to VEGF Receptor 2 on the cell surface, the receptor undergoes dimerization and autophosphorylation of specific tyrosine residues. This phosphorylation initiates a cascade of downstream signaling, activating pathways like PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK. These activated pathways drive endothelial cell proliferation, migration, survival, and vascular permeability, key for vessel formation.

Application

Targeting VEGF Receptor 2 has become a central strategy in anti-angiogenic therapy. Medications inhibiting this receptor’s activity, such as monoclonal antibodies or tyrosine kinase inhibitors, routinely treat various solid tumors including colorectal, lung, and renal cell carcinomas. These therapies aim to impede tumor growth by preventing new blood vessel formation and regressing existing abnormal vessels.

Metric

VEGF Receptor 2 activity or expression is assessed through several laboratory and clinical methods. Immunohistochemistry on tissue biopsies detects its presence and localization. Gene expression analysis, often via RT-PCR, quantifies its mRNA levels. Functional assays measure receptor phosphorylation or downstream signaling, while circulating soluble VEGF Receptor 2 fragments in serum serve as biomarkers.

Risk

Modulating VEGF Receptor 2 activity, especially through therapeutic inhibition, carries potential clinical risks. Common side effects include hypertension, proteinuria, and impaired wound healing due to disrupted normal vascular function. Patients may also experience arterial thromboembolic events, hemorrhage, or gastrointestinal perforation, necessitating careful selection and monitoring to manage these adverse effects.

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HRTioAugust 23, 2025

VEGF Receptor 2

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

What Are the Long-Term Safety Considerations for PDA Peptide Therapy?

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