What is the Origin of Vascular Inflammation?

The understanding of atherosclerosis shifted in the late 20th century from viewing it as merely a lipid storage disease to recognizing it as a chronic inflammatory condition. The term "vascular inflammation" highlights the central role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of heart disease. Inflammatory biomarkers like C-reactive protein (CRP) are now routinely used in clinical assessment.

What is the Mechanism of Vascular Inflammation?

Endothelial cells, when exposed to stressors like high LDL cholesterol, hypertension, or oxidative stress, begin to express adhesion molecules that recruit circulating immune cells, specifically monocytes. These monocytes penetrate the vessel wall, differentiate into macrophages, and engulf oxidized lipids to become foam cells, initiating plaque formation. This process is perpetuated by the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, creating a vicious cycle of damage and repair failure.

Vascular Inflammation

Meaning

A chronic, low-grade inflammatory process affecting the inner lining (endothelium) and walls of blood vessels, serving as a fundamental driver of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This pathological state involves the sustained presence of inflammatory cells and cytokines, leading to endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent buildup of atherosclerotic plaque. It is a critical, modifiable target for cardiovascular risk reduction.