What is the Meaning of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor?

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a highly specific, dimeric signaling protein, or growth factor, that plays a critical and multifaceted role in the process of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. This potent polypeptide stimulates the proliferation, migration, and survival of endothelial cells, the cells that form the inner lining of blood vessels. In hormonal health, VEGF is relevant because its expression is often modulated by sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone, thereby influencing tissue perfusion, wound healing, and the efficient delivery of oxygen and nutrients to metabolically active and regenerating tissues.

What is the Origin of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor?

The factor was first isolated and characterized in the 1980s, identified for its potent ability to induce vascular permeability and promote the growth of new blood vessels. The name is a precise descriptor of its function, specifically targeting "vascular endothelial" cells and acting as a "growth factor." Its discovery was pivotal in both cancer research, where it promotes tumor blood supply, and in regenerative medicine, where it is utilized to enhance tissue repair and revascularization.

What is the Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor?

The mechanism is initiated when VEGF binds to its high-affinity receptor tyrosine kinases (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, and VEGFR-3) located on the surface of endothelial cells. This binding event triggers the dimerization of the receptors and activates their intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity, leading to a complex intracellular signal transduction cascade. This cascade ultimately results in the transcription of genes responsible for endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and the degradation of the extracellular matrix, facilitating the sprouting and formation of new capillaries from pre-existing vasculature.

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