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Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs)

Meaning

Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs) are a family of mitochondrial inner membrane proteins whose primary physiological role is to facilitate the controlled leak of protons back into the mitochondrial matrix, bypassing the ATP synthase enzyme. This process, known as proton leak or uncoupling, reduces the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation, meaning less ATP energy is produced, and the excess energy is instead dissipated as heat. UCPs are central to non-shivering thermogenesis and play a significant, though complex, role in metabolic regulation, energy expenditure, and potentially longevity pathways.