What is the Origin of Tumor Suppressor Gene?

The concept was developed through cancer research, notably with the identification of the Retinoblastoma gene ($RB1$) and $p53$, which provided the molecular evidence for the "two-hit" hypothesis of carcinogenesis. The name directly reflects their biological function of suppressing tumor formation. In hormonal health, the focus is on their interaction with proliferative hormonal signals, such as estrogen and growth factors.

What is the Mechanism of Tumor Suppressor Gene?

The proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes, such as the p53 protein, monitor the integrity of the cell's genome and metabolic state. If DNA damage is detected, p53 can halt the cell cycle to allow for repair or, if the damage is irreparable, trigger apoptosis. The mechanism of cancer development often involves the somatic or germline inactivation of both copies of the tumor suppressor gene, removing the crucial checkpoint and allowing cells with damaged DNA to proliferate in response to growth signals, including hormonal stimulation.

Tumor Suppressor Gene ∞ Area

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Meaning

A tumor suppressor gene is a segment of DNA that codes for proteins whose normal function is to regulate cell division, repair DNA damage, or initiate programmed cell death (apoptosis), thereby preventing the uncontrolled growth that characterizes malignancy. These genes act as the cellular brakes on proliferation. When a tumor suppressor gene is inactivated or mutated, the cell loses a critical safeguard against cancerous transformation, increasing the risk for hormone-sensitive cancers.