Question 1

What is the Meaning of Transcriptome?

Accepted Answer

The Transcriptome is the complete set of all ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcripts, including messenger RNA (mRNA) and non-coding RNAs, present in a cell, tissue, or organism at a specific point in time. It provides a dynamic, instantaneous snapshot of which genes are actively being expressed and how intensely they are operating. In endocrinology, analyzing the transcriptome of a target tissue reveals the precise cellular impact of circulating hormones and environmental signals.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Transcriptome?

Accepted Answer

The term is a portmanteau combining the words 'transcript' and 'genome,' first coined in the late 20th century to describe the comprehensive collection of transcripts. Its emergence coincided with the development of high-throughput sequencing technologies like RNA-Seq, which allowed researchers to move beyond studying single genes to analyzing the entire population of RNA molecules. The transcriptome acts as the functional intermediary between the static genetic blueprint (genome) and the resulting protein output (proteome).

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Transcriptome?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism begins with gene transcription, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into an RNA molecule by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process is fundamentally regulated by hormones; for instance, a steroid hormone-receptor complex can bind to a gene's promoter region, either activating or suppressing its transcription. The resulting transcriptome, therefore, is the direct, real-time output of the endocrine system's signaling, reflecting the cell's current functional state and metabolic priorities.

Transcriptome

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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