Tissue Catabolism Favoring describes a net physiological state where the rate of cellular breakdown and degradation (catabolism) exceeds the rate of cellular repair and synthesis (anabolism) within specific tissues, notably muscle and bone. This imbalance is often driven by a shift in the endocrine milieu, characterized by elevated catabolic hormones like cortisol and insufficient anabolic signals like growth hormone and testosterone. A sustained catabolism-favoring state leads to sarcopenia, frailty, and a loss of structural integrity, negatively impacting longevity.
Origin
This is a descriptive physiological term, combining “tissue,” referring to cellular structures, with “catabolism,” derived from the Greek katabole (a throwing down), meaning the destructive metabolic process. “Favoring” denotes the dominant tendency of the biological state. This concept is fundamental to understanding metabolic balance and age-related decline.
Mechanism
The mechanism is directly regulated by the balance of anabolic and catabolic hormones acting on cellular receptors. Elevated cortisol, for example, promotes the breakdown of muscle protein into amino acids for gluconeogenesis, while simultaneously inhibiting protein synthesis. Conversely, insufficient levels of anabolic hormones fail to stimulate the necessary pathways for cellular repair and regeneration. This endocrine imbalance shifts the metabolic environment toward a net negative protein balance, leading to the progressive loss of vital, metabolically active tissue.
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