Question 1

What is the Meaning of Thyroperoxidase (TPO)?

Accepted Answer

Thyroperoxidase (TPO) is a critical enzyme synthesized by the thyroid gland that is indispensable for the biosynthesis of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of iodide ions and the subsequent iodination of thyroglobulin, a necessary step in hormone production. Clinically, the presence of high levels of TPO antibodies (TPOAb) in the blood is the primary serological marker for autoimmune thyroid diseases like Hashimoto's thyroiditis.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Thyroperoxidase (TPO)?

Accepted Answer

The term combines 'thyro,' referring to the thyroid gland, and 'peroxidase,' a class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions. Its discovery and characterization were central to understanding the biochemical pathway of thyroid hormone synthesis. The enzyme's recognition as a key autoantigen marked a significant advancement in the diagnosis and classification of autoimmune thyroid disorders.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Thyroperoxidase (TPO)?

Accepted Answer

TPO operates at the apical membrane of the thyroid follicular cells, where it utilizes hydrogen peroxide to perform two main functions. First, it oxidizes iodide (I-) to iodine (I0), which is highly reactive. Second, it catalyzes the covalent binding of this reactive iodine to tyrosine residues on the thyroglobulin protein (iodination). Finally, it facilitates the coupling of two iodinated tyrosine residues to form the active T4 and T3 hormones, which are then stored in the colloid.

Thyroperoxidase (TPO)

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

What Specific Micronutrients Are Essential for Optimal Thyroid Function?

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