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Thrifty Phenotype Theory

Meaning

The Thrifty Phenotype Theory, initially proposed as the Thrifty Genotype Hypothesis, posits that certain metabolic traits—such as an increased capacity for fat storage and reduced energy expenditure—were evolutionarily advantageous in environments characterized by intermittent food scarcity. However, in modern environments with caloric abundance, these once-beneficial traits become maladaptive, predisposing individuals to metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes, obesity, and insulin resistance. This theory provides a crucial framework for understanding the biological origins of common age-related metabolic dysfunctions. It underscores the profound interaction between genetics, environment, and hormonal regulation.