The clinical consideration of how controlled exposure to temperature extremes, both heat and cold, impacts cerebral blood flow, neurotrophic factor expression, and the systemic inflammatory response, thereby influencing cognitive function and neurological resilience. Targeted thermal stress is utilized as a hormetic intervention to positively modulate brain health and enhance stress adaptation.
Origin
This concept is rooted in the physiological study of thermoregulation and the principle of hormesis, where low-dose stressors can induce a beneficial adaptive response. The clinical application arises from research demonstrating the systemic effects of sauna use or cold water immersion on circulating levels of heat shock proteins and neurochemicals.
Mechanism
Controlled thermal stress activates the sympathetic nervous system and induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs), which act as molecular chaperones to protect neuronal proteins from misfolding and damage. Furthermore, these interventions can increase cerebral perfusion and acutely boost levels of norepinephrine and BDNF, supporting mood regulation and synaptic plasticity. The mechanism leverages an acute, controlled stressor to build long-term physiological resilience.
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