The complex set of physiological and behavioral mechanisms, primarily controlled by the hypothalamus, that the body employs to maintain its core temperature within a narrow, homeostatic range despite fluctuations in the external environment. This strategy involves coordinated adjustments in blood flow, sweating, shivering, and metabolic rate, which are all critically influenced by hormonal signals and the circadian rhythm.
Origin
This term is a conceptual framework derived from the field of thermoregulation, a core component of human physiology and endocrinology. The concept of “strategy” emphasizes the coordinated, multi-system approach the body uses to maintain thermal equilibrium.
Mechanism
The hypothalamus acts as the central thermostat, receiving temperature input from both peripheral and central sensors. To dissipate heat, it triggers vasodilation and eccrine sweat gland activation, a process modulated by thyroid hormones and catecholamines. To generate heat, it initiates shivering and increases non-shivering thermogenesis, a metabolic process heavily reliant on thyroid hormone and sympathetic nervous system activity. This fine-tuned control is essential for optimal cellular function.
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