A synthetic, injectable form of the androgen testosterone, modified with a cypionate ester to slow its release from the injection site, thereby providing a sustained therapeutic effect. This long-acting testosterone ester is commonly used in clinical practice for testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) in men diagnosed with clinical hypogonadism.
Origin
Testosterone itself was isolated and synthesized in the 1930s, but the development of esterified forms like cypionate in the mid-20th century was a pharmaceutical innovation aimed at overcoming the rapid metabolism of native testosterone. The esterification process made convenient, less frequent intramuscular injections possible.
Mechanism
Following intramuscular injection, the cypionate ester is slowly cleaved by plasma esterases, releasing free, biologically active testosterone into the circulation over a period of several days. The released testosterone then binds to androgen receptors in target tissues, promoting anabolic effects like increased muscle mass and bone density, and influencing libido, mood, and erythropoiesis, thus restoring physiological androgen levels.
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