Testosterone Brain Effects encompass the wide range of modulatory actions that the primary male androgen, testosterone, and its neuroactive metabolites exert on the structure, function, and behavior mediated by the central nervous system. These effects are crucial for maintaining cognitive function, mood stability, spatial memory, and libido in both men and women. Clinical optimization of testosterone levels is often a strategy for addressing neuroendocrine-related symptoms.
Origin
The concept stems from neuroendocrinology, recognizing the brain as a primary target organ for sex steroids, particularly after the discovery of androgen receptors in various cerebral regions. Research has moved from focusing solely on reproductive effects to understanding its pervasive neurocognitive role.
Mechanism
Testosterone influences the brain through two main pathways: direct binding to androgen receptors in neurons and glial cells, and conversion via the enzyme aromatase into estradiol, which then acts on estrogen receptors. These actions modulate neurotransmitter release, support neuronal plasticity, and influence the integrity of white matter tracts, thereby affecting complex behaviors and cognitive processing.
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