What is the Origin of Term 14?

The term originates from protein biochemistry and clinical endocrinology, stemming from the discovery that a significant portion of circulating sex hormones was bound to a specific plasma protein rather than albumin. The recognition of SHBG's regulatory role shifted the clinical focus from total hormone concentration to the concept of free hormone levels, which better correlates with biological activity and symptoms.

What is the Mechanism of Term 14?

SHBG binds to sex hormones with varying affinities, with DHT being the highest, followed by testosterone, and then estradiol. The concentration of SHBG is regulated by several factors, including thyroid hormones, insulin, and liver health, creating a dynamic regulatory point in the hormonal system. High levels of SHBG can sequester too much hormone, leading to deficiency symptoms, while low levels can lead to excess free hormone and corresponding symptoms, illustrating its critical role in maintaining hormonal equilibrium.

Term 14 ∞ Area

Term 14

Meaning

Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein synthesized primarily by the liver that functions as the principal transport protein for sex steroids, specifically testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol, in the bloodstream. SHBG binds these hormones with high affinity, effectively rendering them biologically inactive, as only the small fraction of unbound, or “free,” hormone is available to interact with target cell receptors. Clinically, measuring SHBG is essential for accurately interpreting total sex hormone levels and determining the true bioavailability of active hormones.