Question 1

What is the Meaning of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, or tDCS, is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique. It applies a low-intensity direct electrical current to specific scalp regions, aiming to modulate neuronal activity within the brain and influence brain function.

Question 2

What is the Context of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

tDCS operates within central nervous system physiology, specifically influencing cortical excitability and synaptic plasticity. It adjusts the resting membrane potential of neurons, impacting their propensity to fire. This technique interacts with the brain's inherent neuroplasticity, which is fundamental for adaptation.

Question 3

What is the Significance of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

In clinical practice, tDCS offers a therapeutic intervention for various neurological and psychiatric conditions. By modulating brain activity, it contributes to symptom reduction in disorders like major depressive disorder or chronic pain. Its non-pharmacological nature presents an adjunctive treatment option for individuals seeking improved well-being.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism of tDCS involves passing a constant, weak electrical current through the scalp to the cerebral cortex. This creates an electric field that subtly alters neuronal membrane potential. Anodal stimulation typically increases cortical excitability, while cathodal stimulation decreases it. These modulations persist beyond the stimulation period due to effects on synaptic efficacy.

Question 5

What is the Application of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

tDCS is applied via electrodes positioned on the scalp, with one active electrode over the target brain region and a reference electrode elsewhere. Protocols vary depending on the condition, specifying electrode placement, current intensity, and session duration. Clinicians use tDCS in structured treatment plans for conditions like depression or for cognitive rehabilitation, with its utility evaluated through clinical trials.

Question 6

What is the Metric of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

The effects of tDCS are assessed through various clinical and neurophysiological metrics rather than direct blood biomarkers. Clinical improvement is often quantified using standardized rating scales for mood, pain, or cognitive function. Neurophysiological changes can be monitored via electroencephalography (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Performance on specific cognitive tasks also serves as an assessment tool.

Question 7

What is the Risk of tDCS?

Accepted Answer

While generally considered safe, tDCS carries potential risks and side effects that necessitate professional oversight. Common transient side effects include mild skin irritation, itching, or a tingling sensation at the electrode sites. Less frequent occurrences include headaches or transient fatigue. Contraindications for tDCS application include the presence of metal implants in the head or a history of seizures. Proper screening and application by trained personnel are essential to mitigate these risks.

tDCS

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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