Targeted nutraceuticals are specific, bioactive compounds derived from food sources that are administered at therapeutic doses to precisely influence defined biochemical pathways or physiological endpoints. Unlike general supplements, these agents are selected based on an individual’s systems-biology data, such as genetic polymorphisms or biomarker deficiencies, to address a specific root cause of hormonal or metabolic imbalance. The intervention is highly personalized, aiming for a pharmacological effect using natural compounds.
Origin
The term combines ‘targeted,’ emphasizing the precision of the intervention, with ‘nutraceutical,’ a portmanteau of ‘nutrition’ and ‘pharmaceutical.’ This concept evolved from the general use of dietary supplements to the evidence-based application of specific bioactive molecules, such as resveratrol or berberine, to modulate signaling pathways. It is a core tenet of functional and precision medicine, bridging the gap between diet and pharmacology.
Mechanism
The mechanism of action involves the nutraceutical compound interacting directly with cellular receptors, enzymes, or gene transcription factors. For example, myo-inositol can act to improve insulin receptor signaling, thereby enhancing glucose disposal and ovarian function. Similarly, specific botanical extracts can modulate the activity of aromatase or 5-alpha reductase, influencing the balance of sex steroid hormones. The precision of the targeting is based on objective diagnostic data, ensuring the intervention is matched to the individual’s unique biochemical need.
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