What is the Origin of T3 Hormone?

The thyroid hormones, including T3 and T4, were structurally identified in the early 20th century, with the nomenclature T3 specifically denoting the presence of three iodine atoms attached to the thyronine molecular structure. Its profound clinical importance is derived from its high-affinity, direct binding to the nuclear thyroid hormone receptor. The discovery of peripheral conversion mechanisms further clarified its role as the primary active agent.

What is the Mechanism of T3 Hormone?

T3 exerts its profound physiological effects by efficiently diffusing into the cell nucleus and binding with high affinity to the Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR), which is already complexed with DNA response elements. This hormone-receptor complex then functions as a powerful transcription factor, modulating the expression of numerous genes involved in mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, growth, and cellular differentiation. The majority of circulating T3 is produced by the peripheral deiodination of T4 by specific deiodinase enzymes.

T3 Hormone

Meaning

T3 Hormone, chemically known as triiodothyronine, is the biologically most active and potent form of thyroid hormone, playing an indispensable role in regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate, systemic energy expenditure, and core body temperature. It is the effector molecule, acting with significantly greater potency than its precursor, T4 (thyroxine), and is directly responsible for modulating the gene expression in nearly every cell type within the human body. Adequate levels are absolutely critical for optimal cognitive, cardiovascular, and metabolic function.

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