The comprehensive set of biological processes, encompassing molecular, cellular, and tissue-level activities, that are continuously engaged throughout the body to detect, neutralize, and reverse damage caused by metabolic stress, oxidative species, and environmental toxins. These mechanisms are fundamental to maintaining tissue homeostasis, promoting regeneration, and preventing age-related decline and pathology. They represent the body’s innate maintenance and self-healing capacity.
Origin
This term is a conceptual umbrella originating from regenerative medicine, cellular biology, and pathology, emphasizing the coordinated nature of repair across the entire organism. It aggregates well-known processes like DNA repair, protein quality control, and cellular autophagy under a single, functional concept. The understanding of these mechanisms is key to longevity research.
Mechanism
Repair involves multiple, interconnected pathways, including the activation of DNA repair enzymes to correct genetic damage and the process of autophagy to clear damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. The endocrine system plays a crucial regulatory role, with growth hormone and various peptides stimulating tissue-specific stem cell proliferation and differentiation. These mechanisms work in concert to restore the structural and functional integrity of damaged cells and tissues.
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