What is the Origin of Systemic Low Grade Inflammation?

The recognition of SLGI emerged from epidemiological and molecular studies that correlated persistently elevated inflammatory markers with increased risk for chronic, non-communicable diseases. The discovery that adipose tissue and the gut microbiome contribute significantly to this systemic immune activation broadened its clinical relevance beyond traditional immunology. It is a foundational concept in the field of immunometabolism.

What is the Mechanism of Systemic Low Grade Inflammation?

The low-grade activation is often triggered by chronic metabolic stress, such as excess nutrient intake, visceral adiposity, or gut barrier dysfunction (leaky gut), which releases bacterial products into circulation. These triggers activate immune cells and non-immune cells to produce inflammatory cytokines via pathways like NF-kB. The resulting chronic cytokine signaling interferes with insulin and leptin receptor function, promoting insulin resistance and hormonal dysregulation throughout the body.

Systemic Low Grade Inflammation ∞ Area

Systemic Low Grade Inflammation

Meaning

Systemic Low Grade Inflammation (SLGI) is a chronic, sub-clinical inflammatory state characterized by a persistent, yet low-level, elevation of inflammatory mediators, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and specific pro-inflammatory cytokines, without the overt symptoms of acute inflammation. This smoldering, persistent immune activation is a central component of “inflammaging,” driving accelerated biological aging and serving as a common pathogenic link for metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and neurodegeneration. It represents a state of chronic immune system activation without a clear resolution signal.