Systemic Alarm Threshold defines the specific point of intensity or duration of a stressor—whether physical, metabolic, or psychological—at which the body’s homeostatic mechanisms are overwhelmed, triggering a full-scale, emergency activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and sympathetic nervous system. A lowered threshold indicates a state of hyper-reactivity, where minor stressors provoke a disproportionately large and potentially maladaptive stress response. This threshold is a key indicator of overall resilience.
Origin
This concept is derived from engineering and control theory applied to human physiology, treating the stress response as a regulatory system with defined limits. In clinical practice, the threshold is used to understand why individuals with chronic stress or illness react so strongly to daily life events. The goal of restorative therapy is to elevate this threshold, increasing the bandwidth for adaptation.
Mechanism
The threshold is primarily governed by the sensitivity of the limbic system and hypothalamus to perceived threat and the availability of neurochemical buffers. Chronic stress or inflammation depletes the regulatory capacity, effectively lowering the threshold by keeping the system primed for alarm. Raising the threshold requires interventions that restore HPA axis sensitivity, replenish inhibitory neurotransmitters like GABA, and reduce the background inflammatory noise that acts as a perpetual low-grade stressor.
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