What is the Origin of Systemic Adaptation Cost?

The concept originates from the theory of allostasis, proposed by McEwen and Stellar, which describes the process of achieving stability through physiological change. The "Cost" component emphasizes that this adaptation is not free; it depletes resources and causes long-term damage. This framework moves beyond the simple idea of stress as a singular event, focusing instead on the chronic, cumulative biological burden of living in a non-optimal environment.

What is the Mechanism of Systemic Adaptation Cost?

The mechanism involves the prolonged hypersecretion of stress mediators, primarily cortisol and catecholamines, which are necessary for adaptation but become damaging when sustained. Chronically elevated cortisol, for instance, leads to insulin resistance, visceral fat accumulation, and hippocampal atrophy. The constant energy expenditure and inflammatory signaling required for adaptation ultimately compromise the integrity of DNA, accelerate cellular senescence, and reduce the overall lifespan of the organism.

Systemic Adaptation Cost

Meaning

Systemic Adaptation Cost refers to the cumulative physiological price the body pays for its continuous efforts to maintain stability and function in the face of chronic, unremitting physical or psychological stressors. This cost is quantified as the allostatic load, representing the wear and tear on the body’s systems, particularly the cardiovascular, metabolic, and neuroendocrine axes, resulting from prolonged activation of adaptive mechanisms. A high adaptation cost signifies a reduced reserve capacity and an accelerated trajectory toward age-related disease.