Synaptic Plasticity is the fundamental neurobiological property of synapses—the junctions between neurons—to strengthen or weaken over time in response to increases or decreases in their activity. This dynamic, activity-dependent modulation of synaptic efficacy is the cellular mechanism underlying learning, memory formation, and the brain’s remarkable capacity for adaptation throughout the lifespan. Hormones and neurotrophic factors profoundly influence this process, making it a critical target for maintaining cognitive reserve.
Origin
The concept originated with the foundational work of neurophysiologists in the mid-20th century, culminating in the formal description of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) as the molecular basis for memory storage. The term itself emphasizes the flexible, changeable nature of neural connections, directly challenging the older view of a static, immutable adult brain.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves the insertion or removal of specific neurotransmitter receptors, such as NMDA and AMPA receptors, at the postsynaptic membrane. Hormones like estrogen and testosterone directly influence this process by increasing the expression of neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), which promotes synaptogenesis and enhances the signaling cascade required for LTP. This hormonal support ensures the neuronal infrastructure remains responsive and capable of forming new, durable connections, thereby sustaining cognitive function.
We use cookies to personalize content and marketing, and to analyze our traffic. This helps us maintain the quality of our free resources. manage your preferences below.
Detailed Cookie Preferences
This helps support our free resources through personalized marketing efforts and promotions.
Analytics cookies help us understand how visitors interact with our website, improving user experience and website performance.
Personalization cookies enable us to customize the content and features of our site based on your interactions, offering a more tailored experience.