Synaptic Plasticity refers to the ability of synapses, the functional connections between neurons, to strengthen or weaken over time in response to changes in activity levels. This dynamic adaptability is the fundamental cellular mechanism underlying learning, memory formation, and recovery from neurological insult. It represents the brain’s capacity for physical change.
Origin
The term merges ‘synaptic,’ describing the neuronal junction, with ‘plasticity,’ indicating inherent malleability or moldability.
Mechanism
Changes occur through alterations in neurotransmitter release probability or modification of postsynaptic receptor populations, such as the insertion or removal of AMPA receptors. Hormonal states, including estrogen levels, are known modulators of the molecular machinery governing synaptic strength.
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