The targeted influence on the ability of neuronal synapses to strengthen or weaken over time, which is the fundamental biological substrate for learning, memory, and cognitive flexibility. This modulation is key to neural health and cognitive reserve.
Origin
This combines the structural adaptability of the synapse (“plasticity”) with the deliberate adjustment (“modulation”) of its function through chemical or electrical means, reflecting precise intervention.
Mechanism
Modulation occurs via altering the expression of postsynaptic receptors, influencing the release probability of neurotransmitters, or changing the structural morphology of dendritic spines, processes highly sensitive to hormonal status and trophic factor availability.
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