The maximum duration or intensity of physical or cognitive exertion that an individual can maintain before the accumulation of metabolic byproducts, the depletion of central energy reserves, or the onset of inhibitory central nervous system signals forces a reduction in performance. This threshold is a dynamic, measurable physiological limit that is directly influenced by mitochondrial efficiency, metabolic fuel stability, and the psychological tuning of the central governor. Pushing this limit is key to adaptive training.
Origin
This term is a blend of exercise physiology and performance psychology, quantifying the boundary of human endurance. ‘Effort’ refers to the volitional exertion, ‘sustained’ emphasizes the time-dependent nature, and ‘threshold’ denotes the point of failure or necessary cessation. The concept is central to understanding both physical fatigue and cognitive endurance.
Mechanism
The threshold is regulated by a complex interplay between peripheral and central factors. Peripherally, it is determined by the rate of lactate clearance and the availability of intramuscular glycogen and ATP. Centrally, the threshold is actively governed by the central nervous system, which monitors internal homeostatic reserves and issues a preemptive fatigue signal to prevent catastrophic system failure. Optimization strategies aim to improve both the peripheral fuel supply and the central tolerance to metabolic stress.
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