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SULT Sulfation

Meaning

SULT Sulfation, catalyzed by the Sulfotransferase (SULT) enzyme family, is a crucial Phase II detoxification and biotransformation pathway that involves the covalent attachment of a sulfonate group (SO3-) to a hydroxyl or amino group on a substrate molecule. This process is essential for regulating the bioavailability and excretion of numerous endogenous compounds, including steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and neurotransmitters, as well as exogenous drugs and toxins. Sulfation significantly increases the molecule’s water solubility, facilitating its elimination via the urine or bile. Deficiencies in SULT activity can lead to altered hormone clearance and potential clinical toxicity.