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Substrate Utilization

Meaning

The dynamic physiological process by which the body selectively breaks down and uses various macronutrients—carbohydrates, fats, and proteins—as fuel sources to generate cellular energy (ATP) in response to current metabolic demands and hormonal signals. The efficiency and flexibility of this process, known as metabolic flexibility, are critical indicators of overall metabolic health and hormonal responsiveness. Optimal utilization prevents the accumulation of excess energy stores.