What is the Origin of Stress Response Pathway?

This fundamental concept originates from the work of Hans Selye on the General Adaptation Syndrome and has been refined by modern neuroendocrinology. It recognizes that stress is a biological process with a defined physiological trajectory. The 'pathway' describes the anatomical and chemical route from the initial perception of stress in the brain to the final hormonal and physiological outputs.

What is the Mechanism of Stress Response Pathway?

The pathway begins in the hypothalamus with the release of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH then travels to the adrenal cortex, prompting the release of cortisol, the primary glucocorticoid. Simultaneously, the sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine and epinephrine. These collective mediators mobilize energy, heighten vigilance, and suppress non-essential functions like digestion and reproduction.

Stress Response Pathway ∞ Area

Stress Response Pathway

Meaning

The Stress Response Pathway refers to the integrated neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system cascade initiated by a perceived threat or physiological demand, designed to restore the body to a state of equilibrium. The central component is the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, leading to the systemic release of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, and neuropeptides. Chronic activation of this pathway drives allostatic load and systemic dysfunction.