What is the Origin of Stress Response Mechanisms?

This term is foundational to the work of Hans Selye, who first defined the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) in the 1930s, establishing the concept of a systemic, three-stage response to stress. The mechanisms are rooted in the anatomy and physiology of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, the sympathetic nervous system, and the release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids. It is a core concept in endocrinology and clinical psychology.

What is the Mechanism of Stress Response Mechanisms?

The primary pathway is the activation of the HPA axis, where the hypothalamus releases Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH), stimulating the pituitary to release Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), which finally prompts the adrenal glands to secrete cortisol. Simultaneously, the sympathetic nervous system releases norepinephrine and epinephrine. These hormones mobilize glucose, increase heart rate, and suppress non-essential functions, preparing the body for a "fight or flight" response to restore physiological equilibrium.

Stress Response Mechanisms ∞ Area

Stress Response Mechanisms

Meaning

Stress Response Mechanisms are the highly conserved, integrated physiological and molecular pathways that an organism utilizes to maintain homeostasis and survive when confronted with physical, emotional, or metabolic challenges. These mechanisms involve the rapid, coordinated activation of the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. A healthy, adaptive response is characterized by rapid mobilization of resources and an equally swift return to baseline function.