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Stress Physiology

Meaning

Stress Physiology is the study of the complex, integrated biological responses that occur when an organism is exposed to real or perceived challenges, known as stressors, that threaten its homeostatic balance. This discipline focuses on the rapid activation of the nervous and endocrine systems, particularly the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, and the resulting systemic changes, including the release of catecholamines and glucocorticoids like cortisol. Understanding this physiology is crucial for managing chronic disease, preventing burnout, and optimizing long-term hormonal health.