What is the Origin of Stress Induced Hyperglycemia?

This phenomenon is a well-established observation in acute care medicine, often seen in trauma, surgery, or critical illness, but it is also relevant in chronic, high-stress states. Its origins lie in evolutionary biology, where the release of stored energy was crucial for survival in the face of an immediate threat. Endocrinology explains the specific hormonal cascade that drives this metabolic shift.

What is the Mechanism of Stress Induced Hyperglycemia?

The primary mechanism involves the rapid release of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine) and cortisol from the adrenal glands, both of which are powerful antagonists to insulin action. Catecholamines promote glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver, while cortisol further enhances glucose production and induces peripheral insulin resistance. The net effect is a rapid and significant increase in circulating glucose to fuel the stress response.

Stress Induced Hyperglycemia ∞ Area

Stress Induced Hyperglycemia

Meaning

A transient or persistent elevation of blood glucose concentration, clinically observed during periods of acute physical or psychological stress, in individuals with or without a prior diagnosis of diabetes. This physiological response is mediated by the counter-regulatory stress hormones that prioritize immediate energy availability for the body’s “fight or flight” response. It is a key indicator of severe metabolic strain and compromised glucose control.