What is the Origin of Stress-Induced Dendritic Remodeling?

This term is a core concept in neuroendocrinology and stress pathophysiology, combining 'stress-induced,' indicating the cause, with 'dendritic remodeling,' referring to the structural alteration of the neuron's receptive tree. It emerged from detailed anatomical and molecular studies that linked chronic stress models to observable changes in neuronal morphology. The hippocampus, a key structure for memory and HPA axis regulation, is a primary site of this detrimental remodeling.

What is the Mechanism of Stress-Induced Dendritic Remodeling?

The mechanism is mediated by high-affinity glucocorticoid receptors located throughout the brain. Chronic receptor activation alters gene expression, leading to reduced synthesis of neurotrophic factors and activation of pathways that promote cytoskeletal rearrangement and synaptic pruning. This results in a loss of complex neural connections, which impairs the functional integration of the circuit, contributing to maladaptive emotional and cognitive processing.

Stress-Induced Dendritic Remodeling ∞ Area

Stress-Induced Dendritic Remodeling

Meaning

Stress-induced dendritic remodeling is a significant neurobiological phenomenon where chronic exposure to elevated glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, causes structural changes in the dendrites of neurons, particularly in brain regions like the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. This remodeling involves the retraction, simplification, or loss of dendritic branches and spines, which are the primary sites of synaptic input and communication. The resulting altered neural circuitry underlies the cognitive and emotional dysfunctions associated with chronic stress.