What is the Origin of Stress-Induced Catabolism?

This concept integrates the fields of stress physiology and metabolic science, recognizing the direct link between the body's defensive response and its energy resource management. The term combines "stress-induced," referring to the trigger, and "catabolism," derived from the Greek katabole (a throwing down), describing the destructive phase of metabolism. It is a core principle of the body's general adaptation syndrome to threat.

What is the Mechanism of Stress-Induced Catabolism?

The central mechanism involves the activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in chronically elevated cortisol levels. Cortisol acts to promote gluconeogenesis by mobilizing amino acids from skeletal muscle protein and fatty acids from adipose stores. Concurrently, catecholamines further accelerate lipolysis and glycogenolysis. This coordinated hormonal action ensures a rapid supply of glucose and energy substrates to the brain and muscle, but if prolonged, it leads to muscle atrophy, impaired tissue repair, and the development of insulin resistance.

Stress-Induced Catabolism

Meaning

Stress-Induced Catabolism is a fundamental physiological response where exposure to acute or chronic psychological or physical stressors triggers a cascade of hormonal changes that prioritize the breakdown of complex molecules for immediate energy mobilization. This process is primarily mediated by the sustained release of glucocorticoids, notably cortisol, and catecholamines from the adrenal glands. While essential for short-term survival, chronic catabolism leads to the detrimental degradation of lean body mass, including muscle and bone, negatively impacting long-term metabolic and hormonal health.

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