What is the Origin of Steroid Hormone Function?

The understanding of steroid hormone function began in the early 20th century with the isolation and structural identification of cholesterol-derived hormones. The term 'steroid' is derived from stereos (solid) and eidos (form), reflecting their solid chemical structure. Function emphasizes their biological action, which is mediated by their lipophilic nature allowing them to cross cell membranes easily.

What is the Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Function?

The primary mechanism of action is genomic signaling. Once a steroid hormone enters a target cell, it binds to a specific intracellular receptor, forming a hormone-receptor complex. This complex then translocates to the cell nucleus, where it binds directly to hormone response elements (HREs) on the DNA. This binding acts as a transcription factor, either upregulating or downregulating the expression of specific genes, thereby altering the production of regulatory proteins and cellular function.

Steroid Hormone Function ∞ Area

Steroid Hormone Function

Meaning

Steroid Hormone Function refers to the diverse and critical physiological roles executed by the class of lipid-soluble hormones derived from cholesterol, including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sex steroids. Their function involves regulating metabolism, inflammation, fluid balance, and reproductive processes. They act as potent chemical messengers that exert systemic control over cellular activity and gene expression throughout the body.