What is the Origin of Soft Tissue Overgrowth?

The concept of soft tissue overgrowth as a hormonal disorder is historically tied to the recognition of pituitary gland pathology. Its origin dates back to the late 19th century when the clinical syndrome of acromegaly was formally described, linking the characteristic physical changes to a pituitary tumor. This established the growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) axis as the primary endocrine drivers of this type of somatic overgrowth.

What is the Mechanism of Soft Tissue Overgrowth?

The underlying mechanism is the chronic excess stimulation of target tissues by the growth hormone/IGF-I axis. Growth hormone, secreted by a pituitary adenoma, travels to the liver and other tissues, stimulating the production of IGF-I. IGF-I then acts as a potent anabolic and mitogenic factor, promoting the proliferation of chondrocytes, fibroblasts, and other soft tissue cells. This sustained anabolic signaling drives the progressive, pathological thickening and enlargement of the non-skeletal connective tissues.

Soft Tissue Overgrowth ∞ Area

Soft Tissue Overgrowth

Meaning

Soft tissue overgrowth, in an endocrinological context, refers to the abnormal and excessive enlargement of non-bony, mesenchymal tissues, including skin, muscle, and connective tissue. This condition is most classically associated with hypersecretion of growth-promoting hormones, resulting in features such as enlarged hands and feet, thickened skin, and macroglossia, or an enlarged tongue. It is a defining feature of pituitary disorders like acromegaly in adults and gigantism in children.