What is the Origin of Social Dominance?

The concept originates from ethology and evolutionary psychology, studying hierarchical structures in animal and human social groups. Its relevance to endocrinology stems from the "Challenge Hypothesis" and subsequent research demonstrating a reciprocal relationship between social status and circulating hormone levels. This research highlights the physiological cost and benefit of maintaining a dominant position.

What is the Mechanism of Social Dominance?

The neuroendocrine mechanism involves a positive feedback loop where higher social status is often correlated with higher basal testosterone and lower basal cortisol levels, a profile associated with confidence and low chronic stress. Successful engagement in a dominant role can acutely increase testosterone, which further reinforces assertive behavior. Conversely, threats to dominance can trigger an acute rise in cortisol, illustrating the tight coupling between social psychology and HPA axis regulation.

Social Dominance

Meaning

Social Dominance, in the biopsychological context, refers to an individual’s achieved or perceived status within a social hierarchy, often characterized by high levels of influence, respect, and control over resources. This psychological state is inextricably linked to the neuroendocrine profile, particularly the balance between testosterone and cortisol, which can both reflect and influence an individual’s position. It is a critical factor in stress reactivity and allostatic load. The perception of control is a key psychological mediator.