What is the Origin of Sleep Cycle Regulation Hormones?

This term is rooted in chronobiology and neuroendocrinology, focusing on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the pineal gland's role in maintaining the sleep-wake rhythm. The discovery of melatonin's role as the primary darkness signal and cortisol's role in morning arousal established the endocrine basis for sleep regulation. The cyclical release of these hormones is a highly conserved physiological trait.

What is the Mechanism of Sleep Cycle Regulation Hormones?

Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness, signals the central nervous system to initiate sleep propensity and modulates the circadian rhythm. Conversely, the rising cortisol level in the early morning promotes awakening and metabolic readiness for the day. Disruptions to this precise hormonal interplay, often due to light exposure or chronic stress, lead to dysregulated sleep cycles and systemic endocrine imbalance.

Sleep Cycle Regulation Hormones ∞ Area

Sleep Cycle Regulation Hormones

Meaning

The array of endocrine signaling molecules that govern the timing, progression, and architecture of the body’s sleep-wake cycle, primarily through their interaction with the circadian system. These hormones, notably melatonin and cortisol, orchestrate the transition between wakefulness and sleep and modulate the different sleep stages. Maintaining their proper rhythm is fundamental to restorative sleep and overall hormonal balance.