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Sex-Specific Biomarkers

Meaning

Sex-Specific Biomarkers are measurable biological indicators, including hormones, metabolites, genetic expressions, or physiological ratios, whose optimal concentrations or clinical significance differ substantially between biological males and females. These markers reflect the inherent physiological divergence driven primarily by the differential expression of sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, and their profound downstream effects on metabolism, cardiovascular function, and neurochemistry. Accurate clinical interpretation of these biomarkers requires an understanding of these sex-based physiological norms to precisely assess individual health status and disease risk.