What is the Origin of Sertoli Cell Dysfunction?

Sertoli cells are named after Enrico Sertoli, the Italian histologist who first described them in 1865. The concept of "dysfunction," meaning abnormal or impaired function, is a modern clinical term applied when these cells fail to maintain the necessary, tightly controlled microenvironment required for healthy testicular function.

What is the Mechanism of Sertoli Cell Dysfunction?

The core mechanism of dysfunction often involves a failure of the Sertoli cells to form or maintain the integrity of the blood-testis barrier, which is essential for protecting the delicate germ cells from immune attack. Additionally, impaired paracrine signaling between Sertoli cells and Leydig cells can disrupt the high local testosterone concentrations necessary for successful spermatogenesis. Environmental toxins or specific endocrine disruptors can directly interfere with the cells' ability to produce necessary growth factors and regulatory proteins.

Sertoli Cell Dysfunction

Meaning

Sertoli Cell Dysfunction describes the impaired functional capacity of the specialized somatic cells, known as Sertoli cells, located within the seminiferous tubules of the testes, which are essential for supporting and nourishing developing sperm cells, a process called spermatogenesis. These cells also secrete crucial regulatory hormones, including inhibin B and Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH). Dysfunction in these cells leads directly to impaired sperm production, altered hormonal feedback, and ultimately compromised male fertility and endocrine health.