Senolytics are a novel class of therapeutic compounds specifically engineered to selectively induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in senescent cells—cells that have ceased dividing but remain metabolically active and secrete damaging pro-inflammatory molecules. The clinical objective is to clear these dysfunctional cells from tissues to mitigate chronic inflammation and promote a state of tissue rejuvenation. They represent a significant advancement in geroscience.
Origin
The term is a compound derived from the Latin senex (old) and the Greek lysis (to loosen or dissolve), literally translating to “old cell dissolvers.” This terminology was coined in the 21st century, marking a significant, deliberate shift toward targeting the cellular mechanisms of aging. This conceptualization offers a new pathway for longevity interventions.
Mechanism
Senolytic agents exert their action by targeting specific anti-apoptotic pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT or Bcl-2 family, that senescent cells uniquely rely on for their continued survival. By inhibiting these pathways, the compounds effectively tip the cellular balance toward programmed death. This targeted clearance mechanism removes the source of the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), thereby reducing systemic inflammation and facilitating the regeneration of healthy tissue.
Senolytic therapies offer a promising avenue for promoting healthy aging by targeting cellular senescence, yet their long-term safety requires further investigation.
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