Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide, a short chain of seven amino acids, derived from a fragment of the endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Classified as a nootropic, it is clinically studied for its potential neuroprotective, anti-anxiety, and cognitive-enhancing properties. This peptide is designed to stabilize and elevate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, supporting neuronal plasticity and resilience against various stressors.
Origin
Semax was developed by the Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the 1980s and has been used clinically in some Eastern European countries for its effects on the central nervous system. Its origin as an ACTH fragment reflects the established role of pituitary hormones in modulating brain function and stress response. The compound is typically administered intranasally for direct access to the central nervous system.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves its interaction with the central nervous system, specifically by modulating the expression of neurotrophins like BDNF and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF). By increasing BDNF levels, Semax promotes synaptogenesis and neurogenesis, essentially enhancing the brain’s ability to adapt and form new connections. Furthermore, it is thought to modulate the balance of key monoamine neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin, thereby improving attention, memory, and emotional stability.
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