Sebaceous gland function describes the physiological role of the small exocrine glands located in the dermis of the skin, which are responsible for producing and secreting sebum, an oily, waxy substance composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and cholesterol. This secretion is essential for moisturizing the skin and hair, providing a protective barrier against environmental pathogens, and contributing to the skin’s overall barrier function. The activity and size of the sebaceous glands are profoundly regulated by the endocrine system, making their function a direct and visible indicator of circulating hormone levels, particularly androgens.
Origin
This term is rooted in dermatology and endocrinology, acknowledging the sebaceous gland as a highly responsive peripheral target organ for steroid hormones. The observation that sebaceous activity dramatically increases during puberty and declines with age directly correlates with fluctuations in sex hormone levels. The term highlights the skin’s role as an important reflection of the body’s internal hormonal state.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism of sebaceous gland regulation is mediated by androgens, such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which bind to androgen receptors within the sebocytes, the cells that produce sebum. This binding stimulates the proliferation of sebocytes and significantly increases the rate of sebum synthesis and secretion. Estrogens, conversely, tend to inhibit sebum production. In conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) or during pubertal surges, excessive androgenic stimulation leads to sebaceous gland hyperplasia and hypersecretion, which contributes directly to the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris due to the increased production of a pro-inflammatory sebum substrate.
Testosterone for women acts as a cellular architect, signaling for collagen production and tissue integrity that manifests as firm skin and healthy hair.
By restoring key hormones like estrogen, optimization protocols systemically enhance collagen synthesis and hydration, creating a visibly healthier skin appearance.
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