Sarcopenia Countermeasures are the comprehensive clinical interventions designed to prevent, slow, or reverse the progressive, age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function known as sarcopenia. These strategies integrate physical training, nutritional optimization, and targeted hormonal or pharmacological support to maintain musculoskeletal integrity and functional independence. Effective countermeasures are vital for preserving metabolic health and reducing the risk of frailty in later life.
Origin
The term “Sarcopenia” derives from the Greek words sarx (flesh) and penia (loss or poverty), clinically defined as a distinct syndrome of muscle loss. “Countermeasures” reflects the proactive, multi-modal approach required to combat this complex syndrome, drawing from gerontology, endocrinology, and exercise science.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves stimulating muscle protein synthesis and inhibiting muscle protein breakdown, a balance often dysregulated in aging. Key countermeasures focus on resistance training to provide the mechanical stimulus and optimizing anabolic hormonal signaling, particularly the availability and receptor action of testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin. Adequate intake of high-quality protein, especially the amino acid leucine, is also a critical mechanistic component to maximize the anabolic response.
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