What is the Origin of Sarcopenia?

The term is derived from the Greek words sarx (flesh) and penia (lack or poverty), literally meaning a "poverty of flesh." It was coined in 1989 to define the age-related decline in muscle mass, distinguishing it from general cachexia or muscle wasting due to acute illness. Its clinical recognition emphasizes the importance of maintaining muscle as an endocrine and metabolic organ.

What is the Mechanism of Sarcopenia?

The pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving a chronic shift in the balance between muscle protein synthesis and protein breakdown, favoring catabolism. A key driver is the age-related decline in anabolic hormones, such as testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1, which normally stimulate muscle repair and growth. Furthermore, chronic low-grade inflammation and reduced neuromuscular junction integrity contribute to the loss of muscle fibers, leading to the measurable decrease in both mass and functional strength.

Sarcopenia

Meaning

Sarcopenia is a progressive, generalized skeletal muscle disorder characterized by the accelerated loss of muscle mass and strength, leading to reduced physical performance and quality of life. This condition is primarily associated with aging, but it is exacerbated by chronic disease, physical inactivity, and significant hormonal deficiencies. Sarcopenia is a major contributor to frailty, increased risk of falls, and impaired metabolic health in older adults.

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