Question 1

What is the Meaning of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune condition primarily affecting the synovial lining of joints, causing pain, swelling, stiffness, and progressive destruction. It involves the immune system mistakenly attacking its own tissues, distinct from osteoarthritis. Symmetrical joint involvement, especially in small joints of hands and feet, often results in significant functional impairment.

Question 2

What is the Context of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

This condition operates within the musculoskeletal and immune systems, where aberrant immune responses drive persistent inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis represents a systemic immunological dysregulation extending beyond joints, impacting various organ systems. Its pathology involves complex interactions among genetic predispositions, environmental factors, and compromised immune tolerance.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

The clinical importance of rheumatoid arthritis lies in its capacity to cause irreversible joint damage, severe disability, and diminished quality of life without prompt diagnosis and management. Early therapeutic interventions are crucial for preserving joint function, mitigating pain, and preventing systemic complications. Monitoring disease activity is essential for optimizing patient outcomes.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

The mechanism involves T and B lymphocyte activation, leading to autoantibody production like rheumatoid factor. These immune cells infiltrate the synovium, triggering inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and IL-6. This cascade drives synovial hyperplasia, cartilage degradation, and bone erosion. Persistent inflammation perpetuates joint damage and systemic manifestations.

Question 5

What is the Application of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

In clinical practice, rheumatoid arthritis manifests through morning stiffness over 30 minutes, joint swelling, tenderness, and fatigue. Diagnosis involves comprehensive assessment including patient history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Management protocols typically involve disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics, and targeted synthetic DMARDs, aiming to suppress immune activity and reduce inflammation for remission.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis is monitored using C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for systemic inflammation. Clinical disease activity scores like DAS28 and CDAI, incorporating joint counts and patient global assessment, quantify disease burden and guide treatment. Imaging studies such as X-rays and ultrasound assess joint damage and inflammation progression.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis?

Accepted Answer

Unmanaged rheumatoid arthritis carries substantial risks, including progressive joint destruction, leading to deformities and functional loss. Systemic complications like cardiovascular disease, interstitial lung disease, and osteoporosis are significant concerns. Immunosuppressive therapies, while effective, present risks of infection, gastrointestinal issues, and organ toxicity, necessitating careful patient monitoring and risk-benefit assessment.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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