What is the Origin of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction?

The term is a descriptive clinical and histological designation, combining the anatomical name of the cell layer with the concept of impaired activity. The pivotal, supportive role of the RPE in overall retinal health has been a central focus of ophthalmological research for decades. It reflects the highly specialized nature of this barrier cell layer.

What is the Mechanism of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction?

Dysfunction often begins with the RPE's reduced capacity to effectively phagocytose the shed outer segments of the photoreceptors, leading to the accumulation of metabolic byproducts like lipofuscin and drusen beneath the RPE layer. This accumulation impairs crucial nutrient and oxygen exchange, leading to chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. Ultimately, the compromised RPE cells die, which in turn leads to the death of the overlying photoreceptors and subsequent irreversible vision loss.

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction ∞ Area

Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysfunction

Meaning

Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) Dysfunction refers to the impaired function of the single layer of pigmented cells situated strategically between the neural retina and the underlying choroid. The RPE is essential for the health and survival of the photoreceptors, performing vital functions such as waste product clearance, nutrient transport, and maintenance of the visual cycle. Dysfunction in these cells is a critical early event in many progressive vision-threatening diseases, including age-related macular degeneration.